Kuwait’s political trajectory was marked by a shift toward greater centralization following the succession of Emir Mishal in late 2023. His more assertive leadership style coincided with a deepening institutional deadlock, as the long-standing paralysis between the executive and legislative branches persisted despite repeated elections. The confrontation culminated in the suspension of parliament in May 2024. The appointment of Sabah al-Khalid al-Sabah as crown prince signaled a controlled generational transition, while rising citizenship revocations underscored growing political and human rights pressures.
The economy remains heavily dependent on oil, with diversification efforts progressing slowly. Outdated infrastructure, skills mismatches and climate vulnerabilities continue to impede sustainable growth, despite Kuwait’s high-income levels. About 70% of Kuwaitis work in the public sector, while most private sector employees are foreign migrant-workers who frequently socially excluded and face economic difficulties.
Governance was strained by persistent political turmoil, as the prolonged stalemate and growing centralization under Emir Mishal weakened institutional and administrative effectiveness. Regionally, Kuwait maintained cautious diplomacy to preserve stability.
