Madagascar’s political transformation has been marked by a further consolidation of power under President Andry Rajoelina. The capture of state institutions facilitated his re-election in November 2023 and enabled his party’s victories in the 2024 legislative and municipal elections. Amid large scale anti-government protests that began in September 2025, the government was ousted from office as the military expressed support for the protesters and eventually assumed power.
Economically, the government continued to pursue long-term development ambitions through the Plan Émergence Madagascar II, which largely sticks to previous development strategies. Systemic corruption, widespread poverty affecting around 80% of the population and repeated natural disasters undermine macroeconomic stability. Recent growth signals remain fragile and insufficient to generate broad-based improvements in living conditions.
Steering capacity is further strained by recurring natural disasters, regional insecurity and structural socioeconomic vulnerabilities. These factors reinforce Madagascar’s strong dependence on international assistance and constrain effective policy implementation.
