The BTI’s quality stands or falls with the quality and validity of the country reports, which constitute the backbone of all our assessments and scores. We are as happy as we are proud to be able to rely on an invaluable network of 286 experts at top academic institutions and civil society organizations around the globe, 263 of whom agreed to be listed here. We extend our heartfelt thanks to all those individuals who have contributed their expertise.
Asia and Oceania
Sameen Andaleeb Mohsin Ali (Lahore University of Management Sciences) · Aries Arugay (University of the Philippines at Diliman, Quezon City) · Paul Barker (Institute of National Affairs, Port Moresby) · Michael G. Breen (University of Melbourne) · Marco Bünte (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nuremberg) · Paul Chambers (Naresuan University, Phitsanulok) · Simon Creak (Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) · Sandra Destradi (University of Freiburg) · Neil DeVotta (Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem) · Narayanan Ganesan (Hiroshima Peace Institute) · Luwie Ganeshathasan (Legal Researcher, Colombo) · Nasreen Ghufran (Consultant, Peshawar) · Stephan Giersdorf (Consultant, Düsseldorf) · Christian Göbel (University of Vienna) · Aditya Batara Gunawan (Universitas Bakrie, Jakarta) · Nicole Haley (Australian National University) · Ralph Hassig (Independent Scholar, Springfield) · Holly High (University of Sydney) · Hassan Javid (Lahore University of Management Sciences) · Thomas Kalinowski (Ewha Womans University, Seoul) · Pramod K. Kantha (Wright State University, Dayton) · Markus Karbaum (Dr. Karbaum Consulting & Coaching, Berlin) · Jung-eun Kim (Heidelberg University) · David Kuehn (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Michael Leach (Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne) · Jonathan D. London (Leiden University) · Jasmin Lorch (University of Erfurt) · Marcus Mietzner (Australian National University, Canberra) · Lee Morgenbesser (School of Government and International Relations, Brisbane) · Hai Hong Nguyen (The University of Queensland, Brisbane) · Nele Noesselt (University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg) · Stephan Ortmann (Chinese University of Hong Kong) · Susan L. Ostermann (Keough School, University of Notre Dame) · Jonson N. Porteux (Kansai Gaidai University, Hirakata City) · Ali Riaz (Illinois State University, Normal) · Gunter Schubert (University of Tübingen) · Aim Sinpeng (University of Sydney) · Lhawang Ugyel (University of New South Wales, Canberra) · Wahid Watanyar (Heidelberg University) · Patrick Ziegenhain (President University, Cikarang)
Latin America and the Caribbean
Daniel Agramont (Peace Research Institute Frankfurt) · Moises Arce (Tulane University, New Orleans) · Otto Argueta (Alianza para la Paz, Honduras) · Jennifer Avila (Contra Corriente, Tegucigalpa) · Mélany Barragán (University of Valencia) · Emelio R. Betances (Gettysburg College) · Peter Birle (Ibero-American Institute, Berlin) · Ilan Bizberg (El Colegio de México) · Klaus Bodemer (Independent Scholar, Berlin) · Daniel Brieba (Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile) · Daniel Chasquetti (Universidad de la Republica Uruguay, Montevideo) · Maya Collombon (Sciences Po Lyon) · Liliana De Riz (Universidad de Buenos Aires) · Betty Espinosa (FLACSO - Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales Sede Ecuador, Quito) · Ludovico Feoli (Tulane University, New Orleans) · Ricardo Gamboa Valenzuela (Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile) · Viviana García Pinzón (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Carlos Guevara Mann (Florida State University, Panama) · Katrin Hansing (City University of New York) · Bert Hoffmann (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Sebastian Huhn (Osnabrück University) · Anita Isaacs (Haverford College) · Thomas Kestler (University of Würzburg) · Athena Kolbe (University of North Carolina Wilmington) · Kai Enno Lehmann (Universidade de São Paulo) · Fabrice Lehoucq (University of North Carolina, Greensboro) · Ralf J. Leiteritz (Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá) · Horace Levy (Jamaica Accountability Meter Portal JAMP, Kingston) · Günther Maihold (German Institute for International and Security Affairs SWP, Berlin) · Leiv Marsteintredet (University of Bergen) · Fernando Masi (Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya CADEP, Asunción) · Keron Niles (The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine) · Detlef Nolte (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Francois Pierre-Louis (Queens College) · Hans-Jürgen Puhle (Goethe University Frankfurt) · Lucio Rennó (Universidade de Brasília) · Francisco Sanchez (University of Salamanca) · Martín Tanaka (Instituto de Estudios Peruanos - IEP, Lima) · Hannes Warnecke-Berger (University of Kassel) · Judith Wedderburn (Independent Gender and Development Consultant, St. Andrew, Jamaica) · Friedrich Welsch (Universidad Simon Bolívar, Caracas) · Jonas Wolff (Peace Research Institute Frankfurt)
West and Central Africa
Hervé Akinocho (Center for Research and Opinion Polls CROP, Cotonou) · Carole Ammann (University of Amsterdam) · Moussa Attahirou (Independent Consultant, Bonn) · Heinrich Bergstresser (Freelance Trainer, Akademie für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Bonn) · Markus Brunner (Bureau for Institutional Reform and Democracy - BiRD GmbH, Munich) · Brett Logan Carter (University of Southern California, Los Angeles) · Azizou Chabi Imorou (Laboratory for the Study and Research of Social Dynamics and Local Development LASDEL, Abomey-Calavi) · Richmond Danso (Howard University, Washington, DC) · Jarpa Josephine Dawuni (Howard University, Washington, DC) · Mamadou Diarrassouba (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH, Rwanda) · Helga Dickow (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg) · Moussa Diop (Gaston Berger University GBU, Saint-Louis) · David Fuamba (University of Tübingen) · Lena Guesnet (Bonn International Center for Conversion BICC GmbH) · Paul-Simon Handy (Institute for Security Studies ISS, Pretoria) · Christof Hartmann (University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg) · Mathias Hounkpe (Open Society Institute in West Africa, Dakar) · Niklas Hultin (George Mason University, Fairfax) · Sait Matty Jaw (Center for Research and Policy Development, Brusubi Layout) · Cédric Jourde (University of Ottawa) · Kamala Kaghoma (Université Catholique de Bukavu) · Melina C. Kalfelis (University of Bayreuth) · Christoph Kohl (Freelancer, Halle/Saale) · Dirk Kohnert (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Daniel Kramer (Consultant, Brisbane) · Joseph Mangarella (African Studies Centre Leiden) · Charlotte Mararv (Consultant, Bangui) · Thomas Mättig (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Dakar) · Darrin P. McDonald (University of York) · Mike McGovern (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) · Yonatan Morse (University of Conneticut) · Lutz Neumann (LBN Strategies, Cologne) · Anja Osei (University of Konstanz) · Alexander Thurston (University of Cincinnati) · Christina Wagner (Independent Consultant, Bamako) · Douglas Yates (American Graduate School, Paris)
Southern and Eastern Africa
Benedicta Asiimwe (Freelance Journalist, Kampala) · Jutta Bakonyi (University of Durham) · Matthias Basedau (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Nicole Beardsworth (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg) · Catherine Biira (Development Policy Think Tank Kampala) · Karoline Caesar (Consultant, Bonn) · Nic Cheeseman (University of Birmingham) · Lehlohonolo Chefa (Consultant, Maseru) · Carlos Cuinhane (Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo) · Boniface Dulani (University of Malawi, Zomba) · Michelle Gavin (Council on Foreign Relations, New York) · Duncan E. Omondi Gumba (International Research Consultant, Pretoria) · Ingo Henneberg (University of Freiburg) · Kurt Hirschler (Freelancer, Hamburg) · Nicole Hirt (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Jan Hofmeyr (Institute for Reconciliation, Cape Town) · Sylvia Ilahuka (Independent Consultant, Kampala) · Mathias Kamp (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung KAS, Berlin) · Benedikt Kamski (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg) · Simone Knapp (KASA - Kirchliche Arbeitsstelle Südliches Afrika, Heidelberg) · Hugo Knoppert (Independent Consultant, Leiden) · Carlo Koos (Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen) · Alemu Leta (Mekelle University) · Alphonse Nkareng Letsie (Policy Analysis and Research Institute of Lesotho, Maseru) · Vijay Makhan (Consultant, Port Louis) · Henning Melber (The Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala) · Ken Menkhaus (Davidson College) · Karen O’Reilly (Consultant, Albuquerque) · Andrea Ostheimer (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung KAS, New York Office) · Eva Palmans (European Centre for Electoral Support ECES, Antananarivo) · Justin Pearce (University of Sussex, Brighton) · Juvence Ramasy (Consultant , Toamasina) · Danielle Resnick (Brookings Institution, Washington, DC) · Martin Ruzima (Institute of Policy Analysis and Research IPAR - Rwanda, Kigali) · Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad (Freelancer, Oslo) · Jon Schubert (University of Konstanz) · David Sebudubudu (University of Botswana, Gabarone) · Henning Suhr (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung KAS, South Africa Office, Johannesburg) · Rainer Tetzlaff (University of Hamburg) · Arne Tostensen (Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen) · Christian von Soest (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Heribert Weiland (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg)
Middle East and North Africa
Samer Abboud (Villanova University, Philadelphia) · Salma Abdalla (Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås) · Nassim AbiGhanem (Central European University, Vienna) · Christian Achrainer (Philipps-Universität Marburg) · Ebtesam Al Ketbi (Emirates Policy Center, Abu Dhabi) · Ali Al-Mawlawi (Iraq Policy Program, Baghdad) · Martin Beck (University of Southern Denmark SDU, Odense) · Naoual Belakhdar (Freie Universität Berlin) · Asiem El Difraoui (Candid Foundation, Berlin) · Paul M. Esber (Orient Institut Beirut) · Ali Fathollah-Nejad (Freie Universität Berlin) · Aybars Görgülü (Center for Public Policy and Democracy Studies PODEM, Istanbul) · Seda Gürkan (Université libre de Bruxelles ULB) · Philipp C. Jahn (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Sudan, Khartoum) · Behrouz Khosrozadeh (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · Christian Koch (Gulf Research Center, Jeddah) · Mohamed Limam (University of Jendouba, La Marsa) · Aziz Madi (German Jordanian University, Amman) · Driss Maghraoui (Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane) · Elham Manea (University of Zurich) · Toby Matthiesen (Ca' Foscari University of Venice) · Michael Meyer-Resende (Democracy Reporting International, Berlin) · Abdul Ghaffar Mughal (Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem) · Jessica Northey (University of Coventry) · Mohammed Nuruzzaman (North South University, Dhaka) · Amal Obeidi (Freie Universität Berlin) · Chiara Pagano (University of Bologna) · Amjed Rasheed (University of Tübingen) · Bente Scheller (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Berlin) · Fabian Stroetges (Independant Consulant, Berlin) · Anna Sunik (Political Scientist, Wiesbaden) · Wolfgang Zimmermann (Goldfuß Zimmermann International GZI, Leipzig) · Tobias Zumbrägel (CARPO - Center for Applied Research in Partnership with the Orient, Bonn)
East-Central and Southeast Europe
Attila Ágh (Corvinus University Budapest) · Dace Akule (Independent Consultant, Riga) · Daunis Auers (University of Latvia, Riga) · Dimitar Bechev (University of Oxford) · Aleksandra Đurović (Belgrade Open School) · Jelena Dzankic (European University Institute, Florence) · Arolda Elbasani (New York University) · Seimir Elbasani (Economic & Business Consultant, Tirana) · Mihailo Gajić (Libertarian Club Libek, Belgrade) · Petra Guasti (Charles University, Prague) · Liutauras Gudžinskas (Vilnius University) · Vlastimil Havlík (Masaryk University) · Daniel Hegedus (German Marshall Fund, Berlin) · Sorin Ionita (Expert Forum EFOR, Bucharest) · Dragan Koprivica (Center for Democratic Transition, Podgorica) · Albert Krasniqi (Democracy Plus D+, Pristina) · Alenka Krašovec (University of Ljubljana) · Vytautas Kuokštis (Vilnius University) · Damjan Lajh (University of Ljubljana) · Darina Malová (Comenius University, Bratislava) · Zdenka Mansfeldová (The Czech Academy of Sciences CAS, Prague) · Elitsa Markova (Open Society Institute - Sofia) · Claudia Matthes (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) · Grigorij Mesežnikov (Institute for Public Affairs IVO, Bratislava) · Trajche Panov (University of Bergen) · Vladimir M. Pavlović (Belgrade Open School) · Vello Pettai (University of Tartu) · Goran Radlovački (Belgrade Open School) · Višeslav Raos (University of Zagreb) · Dušan Reljić (German Institute for International and Security Affairs SWP, Brussels) · Denisa Sarajlic (Governance Consultant, Sarajevo) · Christian Schuster (Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca) · Allan Sikk (University College London) · Ivor Sokolic (LSE - The London School of Economics and Political Science) · Elena B. Stavrevska (LSE - The London School of Economics and Political Science) · Marc Stegherr (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich) · Bodo Weber (Democratization Policy Council DPC, Berlin) · Boyan Zahariev (Open Society Institute - Sofia)
Post-Soviet Europe
Annette Bohr (Chatham House - The Royal Institute of International Affairs, London) · Kamil Calus (The Centre for Eastern Studies OSW, Warsaw) · Byambajav Dalaibuyan (Mongolian Institute for Innovative Policies, Ulaanbaatar) · Julian Dierkes (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) · Emilbek Dzhuraev (Soros Foundation Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek) · Tim Epkenhans (University of Freiburg) · Grigorii V. Golosov (European University St. Petersburg) · Altay Goyushov (Baku Research Institute) · Anna Gussarova (Central Asia Institute for Strategic Studies, Almaty) · Aksana Ismailbekova (Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient ZMO, Berlin) · Giorgi Kldiashvili (Institute for the Development of Freedom of Information IDFI, Tbilisi) · Reinhard Krumm (FES Regional Office for Cooperation and Peace in Europe, Vienna) · Leonid Litra (New Europe Center, Kyiv) · Shushanik Minasyan (University of Bonn) · Veronika Movchan (The Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting IER, Kyiv) · Shahnoza Nozimova (George Mason University, Fairfax) · Mariya Omelicheva (National War College, National Defense University, Washington, DC) · Heiko Pleines (Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen) · Oliver Reisner (Ilia State University, Tbilisi) · Arseny Sivitsky (CSFPS, Minsk) · Iryna Solonenko (Zentrum Liberale Moderne, Berlin) · Farkhod Tolipov (Research Institution "Knowledge Caravan", Tashkent) · George Voloshin (Aperio Intelligence, Paris)