The BTI’s quality stands or falls with the quality and validity of the country reports, which constitute the backbone of all our assessments and scores. We are as happy as we are proud to be able to rely on an invaluable network of 286 experts at top academic institutions and civil society organizations around the globe, 263 of whom agreed to be listed here. We extend our heartfelt thanks to all those individuals who have contributed their expertise.
Asia and Oceania
Sameen Mohsin Ali (University of Birmingham) · Aries Arugay (University of the Philippines at Diliman, Quezon City) · Paul Barker (Institute of National Affairs, Port Moresby) · Michael Breen (University of Melbourne) · Marco Bünte (FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen) · Paul Chambers (Naresuan University, Phitsanulok) · Sandra Destradi (University of Freiburg) · Neil DeVotta (Wake Forest University, Winston Salem) · Jörn Dosch (Rostock University) · Narayanan Ganesan (Hiroshima Peace Institute) · Luwie Ganeshathasan (Centre for Policy Alternatives, Colombo) · Nasreen Ghufran (University of Peshawar) · Stephan Giersdorf (Consultant, Düsseldorf) · Christian Göbel (University of Vienna) · Aditya Batara Gunawan (Universitas Bakrie, Jakarta) · Holly High (Deakin University, Melbourne) · Hassan Javid (University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford) · Thomas Kalinowski (Ewha Womans University, Seoul) · Pramod Kantha (Wright State University, Dayton) · Markus Karbaum (Dr. Karbaum Consulting & Coaching, Zossen/Berlin) · Jung-eun Kim (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg) · Sung Kyung Kim (University of North Korean Studies, Seoul) · David Kuehn (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Michael Leach (Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne) · Chun-Yi Lee (University of Nottingham) · Jonathan D. London (Leiden University) · Jasmin Lorch (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) · Timna Michlmayr (University of Vienna) · Lee Morgenbesser (Griffith University, Brisbane) · Hai Hong Nguyen (VinUniversity, Hanoi) · Stephan Ortmann (Hong Kong Metropolitan University) · Susan L. Ostermann (University of Notre Dame) · Kai Ostwald (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) · Saimum Parvez (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) · Jonson Nathaniel Porteux (Kansai Gaidai University, Hirakata City) · Ali Riaz (Illinois State University, Normal) · Charles Scheiner (Independent Consultant, New York) · Aim Sinpeng (The University of Sydney) · Oliver Tappe (Universität Heidelberg) · Lhawang Ugyel (University of New South Wales, Canberra) · Wahid Watanyar (Independent Consultant, Friedrichshafen) · Min Ye (Coastal Carolina University, Conway) · Patrick Ziegenhain (President University, Cikarang)
Latin America and the Caribbean
Nicolás Albertoni (Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo) · Moises Arce (Tulane University, New Orleans) · Otto Argueta (Alianza para la Paz, Guatemala) · Jennifer Avila (ContraCorriente Honduras, Tegucigalpa) · Mélany Barragán (University of Valencia) · Ana Belén Benito Sánchez (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) · Peter Birle (Ibero-American Institute - Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, Berlin) · Ilan Bizberg (El Colegio de México) · Lilian Bobea (Fitchburg State University) · Klaus Bodemer (Independent Scholar, Berlin) · Gustavo Bonifaz (Independent Researcher, Frankfurt on the Main) · Daniel Brieba (Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago) · Daniel Chasquetti (Universidad de la Republica Uruguay, Montevideo) · Liliana De Riz (Universidad de Buenos Aires) · Ludovico Feoli (Tulane University, New Orleans) · Ricardo Gamboa Valenzuela (Universidad de Chile, Santiago) · Viviana García Pinzón (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg) · Katrin Hansing (City University New York) · Bert Hoffmann (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Sebastian Huhn (Osnabrück University) · Anita Isaacs (Haverford College) · Nehemías José Jaén Celada (National Taiwan University, Taipei) · Mateo Jarquín Chamorro (Chapman University, Orange) · Thomas Kestler (Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Würzburg) · Kai Enno Lehmann (Universidade de São Paulo) · Fabrice Lehoucq (The University of North Carolina, Greensboro) · Ralf J. Leiteritz (Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá) · Horace Levy (Jamaica Accountability Meter Portal JAMP, Kingston) · Günther Maihold (Freie Universität Berlin) · Leiv Marsteintredet (University of Bergen) · Fernando Masi (Centro de Análisis y Difusión de la Economía Paraguaya CADEP, Asunción) · Detlef Nolte (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Francois Pierre-Louis (Queens College, New York) · Bishnu Ragoonath (The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine) · Lucio Rennó (Universidade de Brasília) · Francisco Sánchez (University of Salamanca) · Martín Tanaka (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú – PUCP, Lima) · Cyrus Veeser (Bentley University, Waltham) · Hannes Warnecke-Berger (University of Kassel) · Judith Wedderburn (Independent Consultant, Jamaica) · Friedrich Welsch (Universidad Simon Bolívar, Caracas) · Jonas Wolff (Peace Research Institute Frankfurt)
West and Central Africa
Adekeye Adebajo (University of Pretoria) · Helmut Asche (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) · Abu Bakarr Bah (Northern Illinois University) · Verolyne Banard (Independent Consultant, Washington, DC) · Ibrahim Bangura (University of Sierra Leone, Freetown) · Maurice Beseng (Coventry University) · Emma Birikorang (Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, Accra) · Marc-André Boisvert (Centre FrancoPaix, Montreal) · Marie Brossier (Université Laval, Quebec City) · Brett Logan Carter (University of Southern California, Los Angeles) · Azizou Chabi Imorou (Institut pour la Gouvernance Démocratique IGD, Abomey-Calavi) · Richmond Danso (Howard University, Washington, DC) · Leila Demarest (Leiden University) · Helga Dickow (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg) · Sebastian Elischer (University of Florida, Gainesville) · David Fuamba (University of Tübingen) · Tim Glawion (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg) · Lena Guesnet (Bonn International Center for Conflict Studies BICC) · Boubacar Haidara (Bonn International Centre for Conflict Studies BICC) · Christof Hartmann (University Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg) · Mathias Hounkpe (International Foundation for Electoral Systems, Bamako) · Niklas Hultin (George Mason University, Fairfax) · Sait Matty Jaw (Center for Research and Policy Development, Bijilo) · Cédric Jourde (University of Ottawa) · Melina C. Kalfelis (University of Bayreuth) · Raphaela T. Kormoll (University of Liberia, Monrovia) · Dominika Koter (Colgate University, Hamilton) · Daniel Kramer (Consultant Australia, Brisbane) · Enrique Martino (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) · Darrin P. McDonald (University of York) · Mike McGovern (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) · Angela Meyer (International Infrastructure Dialogue Centre - IDC, Vienna) · Yonatan Morse (University of Conneticut, Storrs) · Mawussé Komlagan Nézan Okey (Université de Lomé) · Emily Lynn Osborn (The University of Chicago) · Anja Osei (Freie Universität Berlin) · Hans-Joachim Preuß (University of Bonn) · Ana Lucia Sa (Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa) · Alexander Thurston (University of Cincinnati) · Ibrahim Yahaya Ibrahim (Sahel Research Group, Niamey) · Douglas Yates (American Graduate School, Paris)
Southern and Eastern Africa
Jane Ayeko-Kümmeth (University of Bayreuth) · Jutta Bakonyi (University of Durham) · Matthias Basedau (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Karoline Caesar (Consultant, Bonn) · Nic Cheeseman (Birmingham University) · Stefan Cibian (Făgăraș Research Institute) · Andrew Crawford (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Carlos Cuinhane (Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo) · Marie-Eve Desrosiers (University of Ottawa) · Braden Fuller (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project ACLED, Bloomington) · Jalale Getachew Birru (University of Erfurt) · Ingo Henneberg (University of Freiburg) · Kurt Hirschler (Freelancer, Hamburg) · Nicole Hirt (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Jan Hofmeyr (Institute for Reconciliation, Cape Town) · Linda Kamp (Consultant, Berlin) · Benedikt Kamski (Arnold Bergstraesser Institute ABI, Freiburg) · Roukaya Kasenally (University of Mauritius, Réduit) · Kekeletso Jane Khati (Policy Analyst and Research Consultant, Maseru) · Moses Khisa (North Carolina State University, Raleigh) · Nicki Kindersley (Cardiff University) · Simone Knapp (Kirchliche Arbeitsstelle Südliches Afrika KASA, Heidelberg) · Hugo Knoppert (Independent Consultant, Leiden) · Alphonse Nkareng Letsie (Policy Analysis and Research Institute of Lesotho, Maseru) · Vijay Makhan (Consultant, Mauritius) · Alemu Leta Mamuye (Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa) · Terrence McNamee (Wilson Center, Johannesburg) · Henning Melber (The Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala) · Ken Menkhaus (Davidson College) · Kelvin Munisi (University of Dar es Salaam) · Andrea Ostheimer (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, New York) · Eva Palmans (European Centre for Electoral Support ECES, Brussels) · Justin Pearce (Stellenbosch University) · Juvence Ramasy (University of Toamasina) · Danielle Resnick (Brookings Institution & International Food Policy Research Institute IFPRI, Washington, DC) · Natalie Russmann (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Office Namibia and Angola, Windhoek) · Matthew Sabbi (Freie Universität Berlin) · Abdulkader Saleh Mohammad (Independent Country Expert as Free Lancer, Oslo) · Jon Schubert (University of Basel) · Batlang Seabo (University of Botswana, Gaborone) · Arne Tostensen (Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen) · Christian von Soest (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg)
Middle East and North Africa
Samer Abboud (Villanova University) · Salma Abdalla (Independent Researcher and Political Scientist, Amman) · Nassim AbiGhanem (Bard College Berlin) · Christian Achrainer (Roskilde University RUC) · Naoual Belakhdar (Freie Universität Berlin) · Giulia Cimini (University of Bologna) · Nora Derbal (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel/Palestine) · Asiem El Difraoui (Candid Foundation, Berlin/Paris) · Paul Esber (El Colegio de México) · Ali Fathollah-Nejad (Center for Middle East and Global Order CMEG, Berlin) · Aybars Görgülü (Center for Public Policy and Democracy Studies PODEM, Istanbul) · Seda Gürkan (Leiden University) · Manara Babiker Hassan (Independent Researcher, Khartoum) · Asma Khalifa (German Institute for Global and Area Studies GIGA, Hamburg) · Christian Koch (Gulf Research Center, Brussels) · Driss Maghraoui (Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane) · Elham Manea (University of Zurich) · Mohamed Sami Mehiaoui (Coventry University) · Michael Meyer-Resende (Democracy Reporting International, Berlin) · Abdul Ghaffar Mughal (Northeastern University, Boston) · Chiara Pagano (University of Graz) · Bente Scheller (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Berlin) · Anna Sunik (Independent Researcher, Wiesbaden) · Marc Valeri (University of Exeter) · Tobias Zumbrägel (University of Heidelberg)
East-Central and Southeast Europe
Dace Akule (Independent Consultant, Riga) · Daunis Auers (University of Latvia, Riga) · Dimitar Bechev (University of Oxford) · Jürgen Dieringer (Brussels School of Governance BSoG) · Jelena Dzankic (European University Institute, Florence) · Arolda Elbasani (Independent Scholar, New York) · Kristijan Fidanovski (University of Oxford) · Sergiu Gherghina (University of Glasgow) · Petra Guasti (Charles University Prague) · Anna Gwiazda (King’s College London) · Vlastimil Havlík (Masaryk University, Brno) · Sorin Ionita (Expert Forum, Bucharest) · Mažvydas Jastramskis (Vilnius University) · Péter Klotz (Independent Consultant, Budapest) · Albert Krasniqi (Democracy Plus D+, Prishtina) · Vytautas Kuokštis (Vilnius University) · Damjan Lajh (University of Ljubljana) · Darina Malová (University of Bratislava) · Zdenka Mansfeldová (The Czech Academy of Sciences CAS, Prague) · Elitsa Markova (Open Society Institute - Sofia) · Claudia Matthes (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) · Milena Muk (Institute Alternative, Podgorica) · Miroslav Nemčok (University of Oslo) · Vladimir M. Pavlović (Belgrade Open School) · Višeslav Raos (University of Zagreb) · Dušan Reljić (European Affairs Consultant, Brussels) · Denisa Sarajlic (SKRIPTA, Sarajevo) · Ivor Sokolic (University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield) · Elena B. Stavrevska (University of Bristol) · Marc Stegherr (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · Liisa Talving (University of Tartu) · Külli Taro (Tallinn University of Technology) · Bodo Weber (Democratization Policy Council, Berlin) · Boyan Zahariev (Open Society Institute - Sofia)
Post-Soviet Europe
Annette Bohr (The Royal Institute of International Affairs - Chatham House, London) · Irina Busygina (Harvard University, Cambridge) · Kamil Calus (The Centre for Eastern Studies, Warsaw) · Byambajav Dalaibuyan (University of Queensland, Brisbane) · Julian Dierkes (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) · Emilbek Dzhuraev (Independent Political Observer, Bishkek) · Tim Epkenhans (University of Freiburg) · Altay Goyushov (Baku Research Institute) · Anna Gussarova (Central Asia Institute for Strategic Studies, Almaty) · Aksana Ismailbekova (Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient, Berlin) · Giorgi Kldiashvili (Institute for the Development of Freedom of Information, Tbilisi) · Reinhard Krumm (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Baltic States, Riga) · Leonid Litra (New Europe Center, Kiev) · Shahnoza Nozimova (University of Oxford) · Mariya Omelicheva (National Defense University, Washington, DC) · Heiko Pleines (University of Bremen) · Oliver Reisner (Ilia State University Tbilisi) · Arseni Sivitski (Sarmat AnalytiX Ltd, Hong Kong) · Vahram Sogomonyan (Political Discourse Journal, Yerevan) · Iryna Solonenko (Centre for Liberal Modernity, Berlin) · Farkhad Tolipov (Research Institution Knowledge Caravan, Tashkent) · George Voloshin (Eurasia Expert, Paris)