Albania’s political transformation during the review period was shaped by accelerated EU accession negotiations. Structural reforms in organized crime and law enforcement strengthened state authority and advanced the rule of law. However, the electoral framework remains unstable, with persistent political polarization, mistrust and political control over electoral administration. High-level corruption continues to undermine institutional credibility, while inconsistent judicial rulings and stalled investigations weaken accountability.
Albania recorded strong economic performance, reflected in solid GDP growth and rising foreign direct investment. Improved fiscal stability, including lower deficits, declining public debt and falling inflation, allowed increased spending on social development. Economic restructuring, particularly through digitalization and improved public and business services, supported overall economic resilience.
Governance improved in terms of priority-setting and Albania’s role as a credible international partner. At the same time, reforms remain highly dependent on external actors. Inefficient domestic institutions and entrenched patronage networks continue to constrain effective implementation and sustainability of reforms.
