Bhutan‘s democracy remained steady during the review period. However, disputes between the National Council and National Assembly prevented certain legislation from being passed. Thus, the government had to employ ordinances in order to make changes it deemed necessary.
Economically, Bhutan remained constrained by its heavy reliance on hydroelectricity, a stagnant private sector, and increasing youth unemployment. Additionally, a dwindling reserve of Indian currency and foreign exchange, as well as a growing scarcity of labor in vital sectors like health and education pose further challenges to the country’s economy.
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the implementation of regular policies, especially in the areas of education, business, and the goals of the 12th five year-plan. Recently, concerns have been raised about inefficiencies and corruption in the civil service. Nonetheless, efforts to modernize the civil service have been moderately successful and are ongoing.
