During the review period, Qatar’s political development was shaped by its regained regional and international relevance. At the same time, political participation remained highly restricted. Democratic institutions further regressed, as the electoral process for the Shura Council was abolished by a constitutional referendum in November 2024, effectively ending earlier steps toward parliamentary inclusion.
Economically, Qatar continued to perform strongly, with high GDP levels, fiscal and budget surpluses, declining public debt and moderate inflation. The Third National Development Strategy (2024–2030) reaffirmed priorities of growth, diversification and sustainability. Although growth slowed after the 2022 FIFA World Cup, it recovered during the review period. The expansion of the North Field is expected to boost gas revenues and reduce vulnerability to oil price fluctuations.
In terms of governance, Qatar benefited from the absence of major external shocks. The Gulf crisis receded in importance, while Qatar reestablished itself as a key regional mediator, notably in opening communication channels between the United States, the European Union and the Taliban as well as in conflicts linked to Israel and Hamas following October 2023. Its role as a regional mediator and major LNG supplier increased international leverage and reduced external reform pressure. As a result, previous progress in labor and migrant rights slowed, showing early signs of reversal.
