Sudan’s political situation remains extremely fragile as a power struggle between the Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces has divided the country into rival zones of control. The latter expanded its territorial reach during the review period, scheduled elections did not take place and the conflict reinforced authoritarian rule, marked by severe violations of civil rights and the rule of law.
The country faces an acute humanitarian and socio-economic collapse. The United Nations describes Sudan as the world’s largest hunger crisis, with around 25 million people facing acute food insecurity. Livelihoods have been destroyed, unemployment and poverty have risen sharply, inflation remains uncontrolled and the banking system has deteriorated. The destruction of educational infrastructure has fueled mass emigration and a severe brain drain.
Governance has deteriorated amid widespread atrocities, mass displacement and the collapse of public services. Humanitarian aid has been obstructed by both warring parties, limiting international assistance. Local grassroots initiatives such as Emergency Response Rooms have become crucial for providing food, shelter and medicine, despite repression and insecurity.
