Controversial elections and an alleged coup attempt in 2023, combined with systemic corruption, weak rule of law and administrative inefficiencies, have deepened political instability and social tensions. The opposition’s rejection of the results and institutional boycott led to a political deadlock. International mediation resulted in a cross-party committee to review electoral irregularities and propose reforms.
Economic reform has stagnated. The new national development agenda (2024–2030) identifies food insecurity as a major challenge, with two-thirds of the population affected. Deep social inequalities persist, and the economy remains heavily dependent on foreign investments and vulnerable to global market fluctuations.
Despite renewed development strategies, governance challenges persist. Since 2002, reform implementation has largely not taken place, leaving the basic needs of large parts of the population unmet. Corruption, clientelism and nepotism hinder inclusive decision-making.
